「笔记」 Arch Linux 服务器「一」：重生

死亡回放

我有一台 Z2 Air Series GK5CP5X 笔记本，大学后就闲置了。但因为性能还行，就一直作为一台服务器在运行，期间也没出啥问题，直到今年过年。

人还在老家，突然发现远程连不上了，由于重要服务不在上面，也没怎么关心。过两天回来一看 XFS: log I/O error -5 就 xfs_repair 了一下。没过几天，又 error 了，只能找块盘重装一下了，刚好在这做一下记录。

先留一个 fastfetch 在这

root@archiso ~ # fastfetch
                  -`                     root@archiso
                 .o+`                    ------------
                `ooo/                    OS: Arch Linux x86_64
               `+oooo:                   Host: Z2 Air Series GK5CP5X (v1.1)
              `+oooooo:                  Kernel: Linux 6.11.5-arch1-1
              -+oooooo+:                 Uptime: 1 hour, 5 mins
            `/:-:++oooo+:                Packages: 405 (pacman)
           `/++++/+++++++:               Shell: zsh 5.9
          `/++++++++++++++:              Display (BOE0747): 1920x1080 @ 60 Hz in 16’ [Built-in]
         `/+++ooooooooooooo/`            Terminal: /dev/pts/0
        ./ooosssso++osssssso+`           CPU: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-9750H (12) @ 4.50 GHz
       .oossssso-````/ossssss+`          GPU 1: NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1650 Mobile / Max-Q [Discrete]
      -osssssso.      :ssssssso.         GPU 2: Intel UHD Graphics 630 @ 1.15 GHz [Integrated]
     :osssssss/        osssso+++.        Memory: 1.86 GiB / 31.21 GiB (6%)
    /ossssssss/        +ssssooo/-        Swap: Disabled
  `/ossssso+/:-        -:/+osssso+-      Disk (/): 11.74 MiB / 256.00 MiB (5%) - overlay
 `+sso+:-`                 `.-/+oso:     Local IP (enp4s0): 192.168.1.20/24
`++:.                           `-/+/    Battery (standard): 100% [AC Connected]
.`                                 `/    Locale: C.UTF-8

安装 | Install

准备

进入 Arch Linux LiveCD
关闭自动查找镜像
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systemctl stop reflector.service

设置安装镜像

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tee /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist <<EOF
Server = https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/archlinux/\$repo/os/\$arch
EOF

分区与格盘

根据下表对磁盘进行分区

设备文件系统大小挂载点类型(fdisk)

nvme1n1p1 fat 1024MB /boot 1(EFI)

nvme1n1p2 xfs ALL /boot 20(Linux)

设备	文件系统	大小	挂载点	类型(fdisk)
nvme1n1p1	fat	1024MB	/boot	1(EFI)
nvme1n1p2	xfs	ALL	/boot	20(Linux)

设置环境变量，后期有用

1 2	export DEV_EFI="/dev/nvme1n1p1" export DEV_ROOT="/dev/nvme1n1p2"

格式化磁盘

1 2	mkfs.vfat ${DEV_EFI} -n EFI -v mkfs.xfs ${DEV_ROOT} -f

挂载及安装

挂载磁盘

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mount --mkdir ${DEV_ROOT} /mnt
mount --mkdir ${DEV_EFI} /mnt/boot
df -hT | grep /mnt

安装系统

pacman -Syy
pacman -S archlinux-keyring --noconfirm --needed
pacstrap -K /mnt \
base linux-firmware \
linux-zen linux-zen-headers \
intel-ucode amd-ucode \
nftables sudo vim \
xfsprogs btrfs-progs \
efibootmgr openssh

配置系统

chroot
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arch-chroot /mnt

设置时区

1 2	ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime hwclock --systohc

设置地区

sed -i 's/.*\(zh_CN\.UTF-8 UTF-8\).*/\1/g' /etc/locale.gen
sed -i 's/.*\(en_US\.UTF-8 UTF-8\).*/\1/g' /etc/locale.gen

locale-gen

tee /etc/locale.conf <<EOF
LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
EOF

配置主机名

export HOST_NAME="Turing"
tee /etc/hostname <<EOF
${HOST_NAME}
EOF
tee /etc/hosts <<EOF
127.0.0.1   localhost
::1         localhost
127.0.0.1   ${HOST_NAME}
EOF

配置网络

tee /etc/systemd/network/01-dhcp.network <<EOF
[Match]
Name = e*

[Network]
DHCP = yes
EOF

tee /etc/resolv.conf <<EOF
nameserver 119.29.29.29
options edns0 trust-ad
search .
EOF

修改电源策略，若当前系统已启动，需要重启 logind

# HandleLidSwitch -> ignore
# HandleLidSwitchExternalPower -> ignore
sed -i 's/^#\?HandleLidSwitch=.*/HandleLidSwitch=ignore/g' /etc/systemd/logind.conf
sed -i 's/^#\?HandleLidSwitchExternalPower=.*/HandleLidSwitchExternalPower=ignore/g' /etc/systemd/logind.conf

创建用户

export NEW_USER="neko"
/usr/sbin/useradd -m -U -G wheel ${NEW_USER} && passwd ${NEW_USER}

mkdir -p /home/${NEW_USER}/.ssh
tee /home/${NEW_USER}/.ssh/authorized_keys <<EOF
ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAILDDsjpT5cawNYpT1eWXgDBGqA5WyNe+PF4R/uKTZxgn neko@Hyper
EOF

chown -R ${NEW_USER}:${NEW_USER} /home/${NEW_USER}/.ssh
chmod 700 /home/${NEW_USER}/.ssh
chmod 600 /home/${NEW_USER}/.ssh/authorized_keys

pacman -Sy bash-completion
tee /home/${NEW_USER}/.bashrc <<EOF
[[ \$- != *i* ]] && return
source /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
alias ls='ls -lh --color=auto'
alias grep='grep --color=auto'
alias ip='ip -c'
if [ -n "\$BASH_VERSION" ]; then
    export PS1='\[\e[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\e[00m\]:\[\e[01;34m\]\w\[\e[00m\]\\$ '
else
    if [ "\$UID" -eq 0 ]; then
        export PROMPT='%F{10}%n@%m%f:%F{12}%~%f%# '
    else
        export PROMPT='%F{10}%n@%m%f:%F{12}%~%f\\$ '
    fi
fi
export PS1="\$PS1\[\e]1337;CurrentDir="'\$(pwd)\a\]'
EOF

修改sudo配置

tee /etc/sudoers.d/wheel <<EOF
Defaults env_reset,pwfeedback
%wheel ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
EOF

修改 pacman 配置

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sed -i 's/^#\?Color.*/Color/g' /etc/pacman.conf
sed -i 's/^#\?VerbosePkgLists.*/VerbosePkgLists/g' /etc/pacman.conf
sed -i 's/^#\?ParallelDownloads.*/ParallelDownloads = 8/g' /etc/pacman.conf

修改 ssh 端口

1 2	# Port 51022 sed -i 's/^#\?Port.*/Port 51022/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config

启用和禁用服务

1 2	systemctl enable systemd-networkd.service systemctl enable sshd.service

安装引导

mkdir -p /etc/cmdline.d
tee /etc/cmdline.d/root.conf <<EOF
root=UUID=$(/usr/sbin/blkid -s UUID -o value ${DEV_ROOT}) rw loglevel=3
EOF

cp -v /etc/mkinitcpio.d/linux-zen.preset{,.bak}
tee /etc/mkinitcpio.d/linux-zen.preset <<EOF
ALL_kver="/boot/vmlinuz-linux-zen"
PRESETS=('default')
default_uki="/boot/EFI/Linux/arch-linux-zen.efi"
EOF
mkdir -p /boot/EFI/Linux
mkinitcpio -P

rm

1 2	efibootmgr -B -b 0000 efibootmgr --create --disk /dev/nvme1n1 --part 1 --label "Arch Linux Zen" --loader '\EFI\Linux\arch-linux-zen.efi' --unicode

注意事项

由于某些原因，有些地方还可以优化

建议将 ESP 挂载到 /efi 而不是 /boot，否则内核全部会保存到 EFI 分区